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MUSCLE
REGION
ORIGIN
INSERTION
PRIMARY
ACTION
SECONDARY
ACTION
INNERVATION
Dorsal scapular nerve, ventral rami of C3 and C4
(C5)
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Scapula elevation, scapula retraction, scapula
Scapula medial rotation
Medial margin of the scapula
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Transverse process of C3-4
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Upper Limb, Torso
Levator Scapulae
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, middle lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, body of pubis, pubic crest, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) - most fibres
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9th to 12th ribs
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Torso
Internal Oblique
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dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, T2, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10)
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contralateral thoracic to cervical rotation
thoracic to cervical extension
spinous processes of C6 to T2, spinous processes of C2 to C6, occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal lines
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Transverse processes of T6 to T10, transverse processes of T1 to T6, articular processes of C4 to C7
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Torso
Semispinalis
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Medial pectoral nerve, Lateral pectoral nerve
(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
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Shoulder flexion, Shoulder extension
Shoulder adduction, Shoulder internal rotation
Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
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Medial 1/2 anterior clavicle, Anterior manubrium, Body of the sternum, Anterior 1st to 6th ribs, Aponeurosis of the external oblique
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Upper Limb, Torso
Pectoralis Major
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ventral rami of T1 to T12
(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)
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Expiration
2nd to 6th costal cartilages
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body of sternum, xiphoid process, 4th to 7th costal cartilages
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Torso
Transversus Abdominis
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Core stabilizer
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
pubic symphysis, pubic crest
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xiphoid process, Costal cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs
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Torso
Rectus Abdominis
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Femoral nerve
(L2, L3)
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Hip abduction, Hip medial rotation, Knee medial rotation
Knee flexion and hip flexion
medial proximal shaft of tibia via pes anserine
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anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
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Lower Limb
Sartorius
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superior gluteal nerve
(L4, L5)
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Knee extension
Hip flexion, Hip abduction, Hip medial rotation
iliotibial tract/band (ITB)
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anterior superior iliac spine
(ASIS), tubercle of iliac crest
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Lower Limb
Tensor Fascia Lata
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anterior rami of L1 to L4
(L2, L3)
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Hip flexion
lesser trochanter of femur, Capsule of hip joint
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bodies and transverse processes of T12 to L5, T12 to L5 intervening intervertebral discs
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Lower Limb, Torso
Psoas Major
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Tibial nerve
(L5, S1, S2)
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Hip lateral rotation, Lateral tibial rotation
Hip extension, Knee flexion
head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
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medial facet of ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
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Lower Limb
Biceps Femoris Long Head
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Core stabilizer
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
pubic symphysis, pubic crest
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xiphoid process, Costal cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs
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Torso
Rectus Abdominis
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Radial nerve
(C6, C7, C8)
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Shoulder extension
Elbow extension
Olecranon process
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Infraglenoid tubercle, Posterior humerus
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Upper Limb
Triceps Brachii
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MUSCULOSKELORDLE
Lower Limb Mode
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Lower Limb
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Upper Limb
Abductor Hallucis
Lower Limb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Upper Limb
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Upper Limb
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