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MUSCLE

REGION

ORIGIN

INSERTION

PRIMARY 

ACTION

SECONDARY 

ACTION

INNERVATION

dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5)

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Ipsilateral lumbar to cervical lateral flexion, Ipsilateral lumbar to cervical rotation

lumbar to cervical extension

near angles of 1st to 12th ribs, transverse processes of C4 to C7

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spinous processes T11 to L5, iliac crest, sacrum/sacral ligaments, transverse processes of L1 to L4, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), medial to angles of 1st to 12th ribs

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Torso

Iliocostalis

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ventral rami of the T12 subcostal nerve, L1 to L4 spinal nerve
(T12, L1, L2, L3, L4)

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Ipsilateral lumbar rotation

Lumbar stabilizer

iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

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medial half of lower border of rib 12

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Torso

Quadratus lumborum

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dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5)

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Ipsilateral lumbar to cervical lateral flexion, Ipsilateral lumbar to cervical rotation

lumbar to cervical extension

Transverse processes of T1 to T12, ribs 3 to 12, transverse processes of C2 to C6, mastoid process of temporal bone

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Spinous processes T11 to L5, iliac crest, sacral ligaments, transverse processes of L1 to L5, thoracolumbar fascia, transverse processes of T1 to T6, articular processes of C4 to C7

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Torso

Longissimus

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dorsal rami of C5 to C7
(C5, C6, C7)

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Ipsilateral cervical lateral flexion and rotation

Cervical extension

spinous processes T3 to T6

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Transverse processes C1 to C4

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Torso

Splenius Cervicis

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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)

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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, contralateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration

Lumbar to thoracic flexion

outer lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF)

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5th to 12th ribs, Costal cartilages of 5th to 10th ribs

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Torso

External Oblique

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ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves, dorsal rami of adjacent nerves
(C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5)

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ipsilateral cervical and lumbar side flexion

Lumbar and cervical stabilizers

transverse processes of C1 to C6, transverse processes of L1 to L4

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transverse processes of C2 to C7, transverse processes L2 to L5

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Torso

Intertransversarii

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ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)

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Inspiration

Upper border of the 2nd to 12th ribs

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Lower border of 1st to 11th ribs

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Torso

Intercostals

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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)

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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration

Lumbar to thoracic flexion

lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, middle lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, body of pubis, pubic crest, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) - most fibres

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9th to 12th ribs

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Torso

Internal Oblique

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ventral rami of T2 to T6
(T2, T3, T4, T5, T6)

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Inspiration

lateral to angles of 2nd to 5th ribs

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ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7 to T3

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Torso

Serratus Posterior Superior

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tibial nerve
(S1, S2)

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Ankle plantarflexion

posterior calcaneus via tendocalcaneus

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soleal line of tibia, posterior proximal 1/3 fibula

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Lower Limb

Soleus

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Musculocutaneous nerve
(C5, C6)

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Forearm supination, Shoulder flexion

Elbow flexion

Radial tuberosity, Bicipital aponeurosis

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Corocoid process, Supraglenoid tubercle

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Upper Limb

Biceps Brachii

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Thoracodorsal nerve
(C6, C7, C8)

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Shoulder extension, Shoulder adduction, Shoulder internal rotation

Floor of the inter tubercular
groove

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Thoracolumbar fascia, 8th to 12th ribs, Fascia to inferior angle of scapula

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Upper Limb, Torso

Latissimus Dorsi

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MUSCULOSKELORDLE

Torso and Neck Mode

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Lower Limb

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Upper Limb

Abductor Hallucis

Lower Limb

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Upper Limb

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Upper Limb

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Biceps Brachii

Triceps Brachii

Latissimus Dorsi

Brachioradialis

Latissimus Dorsi

Longissimus

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

Biceps Brachii

Rectus Femoris

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