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MUSCLE
REGION
ORIGIN
INSERTION
PRIMARY
ACTION
SECONDARY
ACTION
INNERVATION
Tibial nerve
(L5, S1, S2)
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Hip lateral rotation, Lateral tibial rotation
Hip extension, Knee flexion
head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
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medial facet of ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
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Lower Limb
Biceps Femoris Long Head
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Dorsal scapular nerve, ventral rami of C3 and C4
(C5)
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Scapula elevation, scapula retraction, scapula
Scapula medial rotation
Medial margin of the scapula
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Transverse process of C3-4
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Upper Limb, Torso
Levator Scapulae
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Core stabilizer
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
pubic symphysis, pubic crest
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xiphoid process, Costal cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs
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Torso
Rectus Abdominis
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, contralateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
outer lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF)
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5th to 12th ribs, Costal cartilages of 5th to 10th ribs
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Torso
External Oblique
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, middle lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, body of pubis, pubic crest, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) - most fibres
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9th to 12th ribs
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Torso
Internal Oblique
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Medial pectoral nerve, Lateral pectoral nerve
(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
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Shoulder flexion, Shoulder extension
Shoulder adduction, Shoulder internal rotation
Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
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Medial 1/2 anterior clavicle, Anterior manubrium, Body of the sternum, Anterior 1st to 6th ribs, Aponeurosis of the external oblique
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Upper Limb, Torso
Pectoralis Major
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ventral rami of T1 to T12
(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)
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Expiration
2nd to 6th costal cartilages
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body of sternum, xiphoid process, 4th to 7th costal cartilages
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Torso
Transversus Abdominis
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dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5)
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contralateral lumbar to cervical rotation, ipsilateral lumbar to cervical side flexion
lumbar to cervical extension
Spinous processes of C2 to L5
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posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior sacroiliac ligaments, mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1 to T12, articular processes of C3 to C7
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Torso
Multifidus
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, contralateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
outer lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF)
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5th to 12th ribs, Costal cartilages of 5th to 10th ribs
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Torso
External Oblique
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, contralateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
outer lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF)
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5th to 12th ribs, Costal cartilages of 5th to 10th ribs
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Torso
External Oblique
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Core stabilizer
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
pubic symphysis, pubic crest
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xiphoid process, Costal cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs
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Torso
Rectus Abdominis
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ventral rami of C4 to C6
(C4, C5, C6)
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Cervical Ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
Cervical flexion
1st rib
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transverse processes of C3 to C6 vertebra
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Torso
Anterior Scalene
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MUSCULOSKELORDLE
Upper Limb Mode
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Lower Limb
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Upper Limb
Abductor Hallucis
Lower Limb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Upper Limb
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Upper Limb
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